许多试图自杀或完成自杀的青少年有心理健康疾病。因此，他们很难应对作为青少年的压力，比如处理拒绝、失败、分手和家庭动荡。他们也可能无法明白他们可以改变自己的生活——而自杀是对一个临时问题的一个永久的反应，而不是一个解决办法。
 
中文翻译：豌豆爸爸
本文地址：http://www.wjbb.com/know/1759
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抑郁是一种导致持续的悲伤和失去兴趣的情绪障碍。大学抑郁（College depression）不是一种临床诊断。相反，大学抑郁是大学时期开始的抑郁。
 
大学生面临的挑战、压力和焦虑会让他们感到不知所措。他们可能是第一次独自生活，并想念家乡。他们正在适应新的日程安排和工作负担，调整与室友一起生活，并找出融入的方法。金钱和亲密关系也可以是主要压力来源。处理这些从青春期到成年转变过程中的变化可以在大学期间引发或暴露一些年轻人的抑郁。
 
中文翻译：豌豆爸爸
本文地址：http://www.wjbb.com/know/1757
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关于抗抑郁药物和自杀想法之间可能存在联系的警告并不意味着抗抑郁药物不应该被用于儿童。这些警告也不是为了吓唬人们远离抗抑郁药。 收起阅读 »

由于抑郁会导致自杀，所以很难确定抗抑郁药的使用与自杀之间的明显因果关系。研究人员对增加自杀风险的各种潜在原因进行了推测。在一些儿童中，抗抑郁药物也可能引发焦虑、烦乱、敌意、烦躁或冲动行为。药物的这些影响可能表明孩子的抑郁正在恶化，或者孩子开始有自杀想法。
 
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尽管FDA的分析只检查了9种抗抑郁药，但FDA还是将警告的范围扩大到所有抗抑郁的处方药。这个黑框警告是FDA对处方药标识的最严厉的安全警告。这个警告是用粗体字印刷在黑色的边框上，上面是抗抑郁药名称。
 
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Tyramine (TIE-ruh-meen) is an amino acid that helps regulate blood pressure. It occurs naturally in the body and it's found in certain foods. Medications called monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) block an enzyme known as monoamine oxidase, which breaks down excess tyramine in the body. Blocking this enzyme helps relieve depression.

If you take an MAOI and you eat high-tyramine foods, tyramine can quickly reach dangerous levels. This can cause a serious spike in blood pressure and require emergency treatment.

Avoid consuming foods that are high in tyramine if you take an MAOI. You may need to continue following a low-tyramine diet for a few weeks after you stop the medication.

Tyramine is naturally found in small amounts in protein-containing foods. As these foods age, the tyramine levels increase. Tyramine amounts can vary among foods due to different processing, storage and preparation methods. You can't reduce the amount of tyramine in a food by cooking it.

Examples of foods high in tyramine include:

• Strong or aged cheeses, such as aged cheddar, Swiss and parmesan; blue cheeses such as Stilton and Gorgonzola; and Camembert. Cheeses made from pasteurized milk — such as American cheese, cottage cheese, ricotta, farmer cheese and cream cheese — are less likely to contain high levels of tyramine.
• Cured meats, which are meats treated with salt and nitrate or nitrite, such as dry-type summer sausages, pepperoni and salami.
• Smoked or processed meats, such as hot dogs, bologna, bacon, corned beef or smoked fish.
• Pickled or fermented foods, such as sauerkraut, kimchee, caviar, tofu or pickles.
• Sauces, such as soy sauce, shrimp sauce, fish sauce, miso and teriyaki sauce.
• Soybeans and soybean products.
• Snow peas, broad beans (fava beans) and their pods.
• Dried or overripe fruits, such as raisins or prunes, or overripe bananas or avocados.
• Meat tenderizers or meat prepared with tenderizers.
• Yeast-extract spreads, such as Marmite, brewer's yeast or sour dough bread.
• Alcoholic beverages, such as beer — especially tap or homebrewed beer — red wine, sherry and liqueurs.
• Combination foods that contain any of the above ingredients.
• Improperly stored foods or spoiled foods. While you're taking an MAOI, your doctor may recommend eating only fresh foods — not leftovers or foods past their freshness dates.

MAOIs, although effective, generally have been replaced by newer antidepressants that are safer and cause fewer side effects. Still, an MAOI is a good option for some people. In certain cases, an MAOI relieves depression when other treatments have failed.Examples of MAOIs that are used for depression include:

• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• Phenelzine (Nardil)
• Selegiline (Emsam)
• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

Selegiline in patch form (Emsam) delivers the medication through your skin. If you use the lowest dose of the patch, you may not need to be as strict with the foods you eat, but check with your doctor or pharmacist.It's wise to learn the emergency signs of a rapid and severe rise in blood pressure (hypertensive crisis), which may include:

• Severe headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Sweating and severe anxiety
• Nosebleeds
• Fast heartbeat
• Chest pain
• Changes in vision
• Shortness of breath
• Confusion

Rarely, a severe increase in blood pressure can lead to bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke).If you take an MAOI, be prepared. Ask your doctor:

• For a list of foods to avoid — make sure you understand exactly what's safe for you and what isn't
• What to do if you accidently eat or drink something with too much tyramine, so you have a plan in place

 
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Escitalopram (Lexapro) is a prescription drug commonly used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Breast tenderness isn't among the published Lexapro side effects, but some studies and unofficial reports have linked Lexapro and breast tenderness.

Lexapro may interfere with the normal processing of prolactin — a hormone that affects breast tissue. It's possible that this could lead to breast tenderness. Breast pain has been documented as a rare side effect of other antidepressants, including citalopram (Celexa), venlafaxine (Effexor XR), sertraline (Zoloft) and mirtazapine (Remeron), and of certain other psychotropic medications.

Keep in mind that a number of other things can cause breast pain. Your doctor may consider any possible underlying causes for your symptoms.

Your doctor may have you stop taking Lexapro for a period of time to see whether your breast tenderness improves. But don't change your dose or quit taking your antidepressant until you talk to your doctor. If you stop taking Lexapro too fast, you could get serious symptoms such as anxiety, headaches or confusion.

If your breast tenderness seems to be related to Lexapro, your doctor may recommend another antidepressant. Lexapro and several other antidepressants are available in generic form, though any side effects should be similar to the brand-name product.
 
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